With the modern development of medicine and a lot of research done, scientists cannot fully determine the true causes of the development of scaly lichen. Psoriasis is a disorder of the skin and tissues surrounding the joints. The disease is characterized by a non-infectious course, with the appearance of papules and red spots prone to fusion. These formations are dry, scaly, rise above the surface of the skin and represent a chronic, localized process. Microscopy reveals a significant number of keratinocytes, cells of the immune system (T lymphocytes and macrophages), with abundant proliferation of the vascular network.
Psoriasis and its causes, with this development of medicine, are being actively investigated, but no one is determining the ultimate cause of the occurrence.
Scientists identify several main bases for the development of pathology:
- Genetics- the hereditary theory of the occurrence of psoriasis is based on the fact that if ancestors or close relatives have this pathology, the risk of its occurrence in subsequent generations is equal to 25% if one of the parents is ill. With the development of the disease in both parents, the risk of its occurrence in offspring increases to 70%. A possible option is when a healthy child is born to sick parents, but after a while, under the influence of the above factors, the disease develops in him.
- Immune defect- By examining the histological material of patients with psoriasis, scientists have discovered an excessive accumulation of diseased immune cells in the layers of the epidermis. At the same time, specific antibodies were found in the superficial layers of the epidermis - microabasse Munro (accumulation of intercellular fluid, leukocytes, macrophages). A general blood test shows an increase in the number of leukocytes (T helper), all talking about the autoimmune nature of the disease.
- Viral lesions- in this case, means a retrovirus infection. This strain inserts its RNA strand into the host cell, replacing its genetic code with a viral one. Which is manifested in excessive production and proliferation of immature and undifferentiated dermis cells.
An interesting fact is that antipsoriatic treatment according to autoimmune theory aims to reduce the number of immune cells, including T-helpers. In the presence of psoriasis in HIV / AIDS infected, the number of these cells decreases to the limit values, and the risk of developing psoriasis increases. Further investigation of this fact may completely refute the autoimmune theory of the development of psoriasis.
Factors in the development of psoriasis
What causes psoriasis? There are several provocative factors that negatively affect the body:
- Stress- this factor is the cause of psoriatic outbreaks and the final connection, under the influence of which the redness decreases. This factor is one of the main ones, as the onset of psoriasis in 50% of cases occurs precisely due to extreme overload, psychological trauma and nervous strain. With the onset of psoriasis remission, any mental shock can provoke a relapse;
- Infections- a group of diseases, with the development of which the main foci of psoriatic rash appeared. Such diseases include: all infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bacterial and fungal infections affecting the skin, mononucleosis. In patients with psoriasis, the presence of an increased amount of pathogenic microflora (beta-hemolytic streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus) was determined. Candidiasis is a fungal infectious process in which psoriasis develops most often;
- External impact- a large number of patients accompany the onset of psoriasis as a result of external physical factors. Most often they are: mechanical trauma to the skin, burning, hypothermia and freezing;
- Endocrinopathies- this group of diseases is associated with impaired functioning of the body as a whole. This factor is most often found in the female sex, due to frequent changes in hormonal levels in relation to growth, pregnancy, menstrual cycle, menopause. In patients with diabetes mellitus, metabolism is significantly disrupted, while a persistent excess of glucose adversely affects human tissues and organs, provoking the development of other diseases;
- Toxins- act as another cause of psoriasis in the body. Its appearance is accompanied by food poisoning, work in factories or factories, abuse of certain products (citrus, coffee, chocolate). Alcohol and smoking, with their toxic effects, provoke many diseases, including psoriasis;
- The pathogenetic effect involvestaking medication.It was confirmed that a small number of patients began to develop psoriasis by taking the following medications: NSAIDs, beta-blockers, fortified medications (vitamins C, B, D), cytostatics, antibiotics (cephalosporins).
Prevention of psoriasis
Many factors contribute to the development of psoriasis. The basic theory has not yet been defined and any preventive measures should be comprehensive, comprehensively targeted. Patients need to review their lifestyle. If necessary, change your residence to a more environmentally friendly area.
It is recommended to avoid stressful situations. It is possible to take antidepressants and sedatives. The diet should contain more fiber, non-allergic fruits and vegetables, meat, fish. When treating concomitant pathologies, it is necessary to give up bad habits, consult a doctor about replacement therapy. Take treatment courses in specialized sanatoriums.